๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

๐“ก๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ถ5: ๐’ฆ๐‘œ๐“‡๐‘’๐’ถ ๐’ฐ๐“ƒ๐’พ๐“‹/๊ฒฝ์˜์ „๋žต Management Strategy(BUSS402)

[๊ฒฝ์˜์ „๋žต] 5. ์‚ฌ์—…ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ - ๊ธฐ์—…์ „๋žต

0. ๊ธฐ์—…์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ „๋žต

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ „๋žต (Business Strategy)

: ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ

  • How to compete
  • How to create Sustainable Competitive Advantage
๊ธฐ์—…์ „๋žต (Corporate Strategy)

: ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…, ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•จ

  • Where to Compete?
  • How to create Value through configuration and coordination?
  • ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ์—ฎ์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ• ์ง€, ์ฆ‰ how ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€?

ex)

  • ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (for ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ)
  • ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๊ฒฐ์ • (๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”, Biz Portfolio ์กฐ์ •, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •)

๊ธฐ์—…์ „๋žต์—๋Š” 1) Configuration (์‚ฌ์—…๋ฐฐ์น˜์ „๋žต) ๊ณผ 2) Coordination (์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ „๋žต)์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

 

1) Configuration(์‚ฌ์—…๋ฐฐ์น˜์ „๋žต) -> ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”, ์ˆ˜์ง์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘, ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •
2) Coordination(์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€์ฐฝ์ถœ์ „๋žต) -> ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐ„ ์ž์› ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„, ๊ณต์œ , ์ด์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ

 

 

1. ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ

ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ, ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์œ ํ˜•

  1. ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ex. ์ œํ’ˆ/์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™”
  2. ์›๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ex. ๊ณต์œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค
  3. ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ, ์ง€์‹, ์ž์› ๊ณต์œ 
  4. ์ค‘๋ณต ํˆฌ์ž๋ฐฉ์ง€

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จ

  • ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ! ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„ - ๋น„์šฉ์›๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ถ„ = ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€'

 

์œต๋ณตํ•ฉํ™” ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ

  • ๊ธˆ์œต ํฌํƒˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‘
    • ํ•€ํ…Œํฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ
    • ํ† ์Šค, ์นด์นด์˜ค๋ฑ…ํฌ๋Š” ํƒ€ ๊ธˆ์œต ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์ถœ๋„ ์ ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ ๋†’์•˜์Œ --> ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ
    • ์‚ฌ์—…์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด bubble์ธ์ง€ trend์ธ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค

 

2. ์‚ฌ์—… ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” ์ „๋žต

1) ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” (Vertical Diversification)

value chain ์•ž ๋’ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ (ex. ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์†Œ์‹ฑ ~ ํŒ๋งค/์œ ํ†ต)

  1. ํ›„๋ฐฉ ํ†ตํ•ฉ (Backward Integration)
    • ์›๋ž˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•ด์„œ A๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ
    • Sourcing ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ (Value chain ์˜ ๋’ท์ชฝ)
  2. ์ „๋ฐฉ ํ†ตํ•ฉ (Forward Integration)
    • ex. ๋ฒค์ธ  ๋”œ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์•ˆ์ข‹์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋”œ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฝ์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ์œ ํ†ตํ•˜์ž
    • Distribution Channel ํ†ตํ•ฉ (Value chain ์˜ ์•ž์ชฝ)

 

2) ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” (Horizontal Diversification)

  • ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ณต๋žต

3) ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™” (Related Diversification)

ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€์—…์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹

4) ๋น„๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”

๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์—†๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—… ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹

 

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ '์‚ฐ์—…'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰'์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€!!

 

์‹ ๊ทœ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ง„์ถœ : ํฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ์‚ฌ์—…(๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”) ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€

  • ์‹ ๊ทœ์‚ฌ์—… ์ง„์ถœ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€(value up) ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ทœ์‚ฌ์—… ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  • ์‚ฐ์—…๋งค๋ ฅ๋„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ, ์ง„์ž…๋น„์šฉ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ, ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•จ!!

๋‹จ, ๋‹ค ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— risk๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ

 

 

3. ์‚ฌ์—… ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •(Restructuring) : Turn-Around ์ „๋žต

  • ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„์ „
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด (๊ธฐํšŒ& ์œ„ํ˜‘)
  • ์ž์›๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ (๊ฐ•์ &์•ฝ์ )

--> ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ : ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • (๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ๋ชธ์ง‘ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ..)

  • ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ fat ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•จ

  • ์œ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ ์ด ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ (3~5๋…„)

 

๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋ชฉ์ 

1) ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ์ดํ›„ turn-around์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํš๋“์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”
2) ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ฐ์ถ•, ์ž์‚ฐ๋งค๊ฐ, ์™ธ์ž์œ ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜

 

๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ

๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

์ด ๋•Œ CEO์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ - ์กฐ์ง์›์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ(๊ณต๊ฐ/์„ค๋“)

  • ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ œ์‹œ
  • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ฐธ ์œ ๋„
  • ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ, ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ
  • ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ถ”์ง„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ

 

๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„

๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ Some Thoughts
  1. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์—…๋น„์ „์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ
    • ๋™์ „์˜ ์–‘๋ฉด
    • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋น„์ „์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž„
      • ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ํ˜„์ฐจ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
  2. ์•Œ์งœ ์‚ฌ์—… vs ํ•œ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์—…(์ ์ž) ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํŒ”๊นŒ?
    • ์ ์ž ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์‚ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์Œ
    • ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์œ„๊ธฐ(ํ‘์ž๋„์‚ฐ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์•ˆ๋“ค์–ด์˜ด) -> ์ผ๋‹จ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒ๋‹ค (์•Œ์งœ์‚ฌ์—… ํŒ๋งค)
    • ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์œ„๊ธฐ -> ๋ˆ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ (ํ•œ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์—…)
      • ์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ!
      • My backyard - Best Parent : ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ๋„“์€ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์„ ๋’ท์ง‘์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŒ”์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ
        • ๋‘์‚ฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ฐ“์ง‘๊น€์น˜ -> ์‹ํ’ˆ์—…๊ณ„์— ํŒ”๊ธฐ
  3. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ • = ์šด๋™
    • ๋น„์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž
    • ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค
    • ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ๋‹ค
    • ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ณด๊ฐ•๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค
    • ์ž˜๋ชป ํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”์š”์˜ด

 

4. ์‚ฌ์—… ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์กฐ์ •

BCG Matrix

 
  • ๊ฐ™์€ Industry ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ M&A๋Š”
    • ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
    • market power๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ price๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
      dog ๊ฐ€ dog๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋จ
  • Dogs - ํŒ”๊ณ 
  • Cash cows - ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ question marks์— ํˆฌ์ž
  • Question marks - ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ฉด stars ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด dogs
  • stars - ์ฃผ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด Cash cow ๋จ
์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์žฅ์„ฑ์žฅ์œจ (=์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ๋„)
  • ์—…์ข… ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œจ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ
    ex. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๊ธฐ์—… -> ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  GDP ์„ฑ์žฅ์œจ
    ํ•ด์™ธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์—… -> ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์ž์‚ฐ์—… ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ์œจ

 

์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ (=๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ)

1๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์—… ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ
(1๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์—…์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต)

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด A์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด 50%, B์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 25%, C์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 10%์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
- A์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ = 50/25 = 2
- B์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ = 25/5 = 0.5
- C์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ = 10/50 = 0.2

 

 

BCG Matrix์˜ ์žฅ๋‹จ์ 

 

 

GE/McKinsey 9-Box Matrix

 

์žฅ์  

- BCG Matrix๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- BCG Matrix๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ œ์–ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

๋‹จ์ 

- ์ฃผ๊ด€์ , ์ž์˜์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋จ

- ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ