๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

๐“ก๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ถ5: ๐’ฆ๐‘œ๐“‡๐‘’๐’ถ ๐’ฐ๐“ƒ๐’พ๐“‹/์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ Financial Management(BUSS207)

[์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ] CH6. The Basics of Capital Budgeting

[The basics of Capital Budgeting]

 

fixed assets : ๊ณ ์ •์ž์‚ฐ

 

Normal Project : ์ญ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ญ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ

Nonnormal Project : ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค

 

independent -> P(A)P(B) = P(A๊ตB) : ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

mutual exclusive -> P(A๊ตB) = 0 : ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

 

1. Payback Period : ์ฒซ investment๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒ์— recoverํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€

[์žฅ์ ]

- project์˜ risk ์™€ liquidity์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์คŒ

- ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›€

 

[๋‹จ์ ]

- Time Value ๋ฌด์‹œ

- Payback ์ดํ›„ CF ์–ด์ผ€๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌด์‹œ

 

 

2. Discounted Payback 

- Payback ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋“  CF๋ฅผ PV๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌํ•จ

-> TVM ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ

 

 

3. Net Present Value (NPV) Approach

 

NPV = PV(inflows) - Cost = Net gain in wealth

NPV > 0 ์ด๋ฉด accept

 

inflow, outflow ์‹น ๋‹ค ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ PV ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋•Œ๋ ค๋ณด๊ณ  0๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ์ง€ ์ž‘์€์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ

 

๋งŒ์•ฝ mutually exclusive projects๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด NPV ๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ฑธ ์„ ํƒ

 

 

4. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

IRR : Discount rate that Forces PV (inflows) = Cost

inflow์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ cost์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” discount rate

 

NPV๊ฐ€ 0์ผ๋•Œ์˜ interest rate์„ ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•จ

 

IRR>WACC = NPV > 0

IRR<WACC = NPV < 0

 

 

 

CrossOver Point ์˜ ์ด์œ 

1. Size(scale) difference project

2. Timing Difference in Cashflow

 

Reinvestment Rate Assumption

- IRR, NPV ๋ชจ๋‘ reinvestment๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•จ

- NPV(WACC) ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” reasonableํ•จ.

 

 

5. MIRR ( Modified IRR )

- ์Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” PV๋กœ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ FV๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” irr์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ผ

- mirr > wacc accept

 

MIRR ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ 

- ์žฌํˆฌ์ž ๋น„์šฉ์„ WACC๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

- multiple IRRs ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•จ

 

 

---

 

[Cash Flow Estimation and Other Issues in Capital Budgeting]

 

cash flow = incremental net income + depreciation

 

Replacement Chain

 

Equivalent annual annuity