๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

๐“ก๐“ธ๐“ธ๐“ถ5: ๐’ฆ๐‘œ๐“‡๐‘’๐’ถ ๐’ฐ๐“ƒ๐’พ๐“‹/์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ Financial Management(BUSS207)

[์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ] CH5. Cost of Capital

cost of capital = rasing fund

 

Capital Budgeting Overview

  • Capital budgeting(์ž๋ณธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ฑ…์ •)์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž์‚ฐ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค

Capital Budgeting Steps

  1. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹ค๋ฌผ์ž์‚ฐ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ cash flows ์ถ”์ •
  2. ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ optimal capital structure ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ cost of capital ์ถ”์ •
  3. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด cost of capital์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” decision-making valuation technique์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

 

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค

ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ expected return์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” cost of the funds์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ

project's expected return > cost of capital ์ด๋ฉด accept ํ•œ๋‹ค

 

Cost of capital terms

Capital Component = financing์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜. ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ, ๋ณดํ†ต์ฃผ ๋“ฑ

Kd = ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ๋น„์šฉ, ์„ธ์ „

Kd(1-T) = ์„ธํ›„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋น„์šฉ

Kp = ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ component cost

Ks = ๋ณดํ†ต์ฃผ component cost

Ke = ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ณดํ†ต์ฃผ ๋งค๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ component stock

WACC = ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž๋ณธ ๋น„์šฉ. individual component costs of capital์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•ฉ ํ•œ ๊ฐ’

Wi = ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ capital structure์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” capital component์˜ ๋น„์œจ

 

* ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ interest expense๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ debt์˜ component cost๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด debt์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํ›„ ์ด์ž์œจ์ž„

T๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์„ธ์œจ!

 

 

Cost of Debt

 

= ์ด์ž์œจ (kd) * (1-T)

 

(remind : kd = YTM)

 

Cost of Preferred Stock

 

Kp = Dp / Pp 

Dp = ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋‹น๊ธˆ

Pp = ์šฐ์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

 

Cost of Common Stock

 

1) CAPM Approach 

ks = kRF + b(kM - kRF)

 

2) DCF Approach

ks = D1/P0 + G = D0(1+g)/P0 + g

 

๋งŒ์•ฝ DCF์—์„œ earning growth rate๊ณผ dividend growth rate์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ด์„œ g๊ฐ’ ๊ตฌํ•จ

 

CAPM vs DCF

 

Dividend๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ฃผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ž‘์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” capm ์“ด๋‹ค. CAPM์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค....

 

 

g๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•!

g = (retention rate) * (expected ROE) 

= (1 - dividend payout ratio) * (expected. ROE)

 

 

 

 

* Flotation costs(๋ฐœํ–‰ ๋น„์šฉ)์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ!!!

 

ke = D1 / P0 (1-F) + G

 

 

WACC : Weighted Average Cost of Capital

 

๊ฑ ๊ฐ์ž cost ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•ฉ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จ

 

[Capital cost์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ]

 

1. dividend ์•ˆ์ฃผ๋ฉด DCF ๋ชป ์”€

2. ์ƒ์žฅ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด b ๊ฐ’ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ CAPM ๋ชป ์”€

3. WACC๋Š” average risk project์—๋งŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

(high risk or low risk ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ž‘์—… ํ•„์š”)